LOCAL PUBLIC POLICIES IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE FROM THE SDG

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate public policies on sports at the local level, with the aim of highlighting the importance of sports as a tool for social development, inclusion, and community well-being. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a systematic review of the literature. The study design followed the PRISMA guidelines and included an analysis of articles found in the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Wiley, and EBSCO databases. Data collection was carried out through the compilation and analysis of key studies, focusing on trends, approaches, and challenges in research on state intervention in local sports. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed significant trends in the importance of sports as a tool for social development, inclusion, and community well-being. The review identified various approaches and challenges present in the research on state intervention in local sports. Specifically, the studies conducted in Latin American contexts provided a critical and regional perspective on the subject. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of local sports policies. These implications could encompass the enhancement of social inclusion, the promotion of community well-being, and the development of effective public policies on sports. Originality/Value


INTRODUCTION
Sport, often celebrated as a universal language, profoundly impacts society's overall well-being, fostering unity, social inclusion, and holistic individual development.Recognizing sport's potential as a transformative tool, many scholars and researchers have delved into its intricate relationship with public policies, aiming to decipher its role in sculpting social frameworks and driving civic engagement.
Historically, the interplay between public policies and various societal components has been a focal point of academic discourse.Renowned authors like Hofling (2001) and Nogueira (2001) critically dissected the multifaceted role of the State, elucidating its functions and implications in diverse contexts.
Zooming into the realm of sports, luminaries such as Marcellino (1995Marcellino ( , 2007) ) and Mascarenhas (2004) have underscored the profound synergy between leisure sports activities and the broader ethos of personal freedom.Their work offers a deep dive into how recreational sports can not only be a pursuit of passion but also an avenue for self-expression and liberation.
A particularly insightful perspective emerges from the writings of Isayama (2009), who, through meticulous analysis, sheds light on physical education professionals' nuanced attitudes towards leisure sports.Similarly, Marivoet (2014) pioneers a fresh discourse, positioning social inclusion within sports as an uncharted territory ripe for academic exploration.
Shifting the lens to Latin America, a region teeming with cultural vibrancy and rich sporting traditions, we find a tapestry of studies that unravel the complexities of sport within this unique geopolitical landscape.Mesa et al.Synthesizing these myriad viewpoints and findings, this systematic review strives to present a comprehensive tapestry of knowledge on local sports public policies.By meticulously collating and analyzing these diverse studies, our goal is to identify existing knowledge gaps, emerging trends, and potential avenues for future inquiry.As we venture deeper into this realm, the overarching vision remains steadfast: harnessing the power of sport, coupled with robust public policies, to catalyze meaningful societal progression and community upliftment.

METHODOLOGY
This study provides a detailed analysis of scientific papers addressing public policies regarding sports at the local level.To ensure its proper preparation, the guidelines suggested in the PRISMA statement (Page et al., 2021) specific for systematic reviews were used.We will further explain the different stages of the process followed.
The initial search was conducted in May 2023 in the Web of Sciences, Scopus, Wiley, and EBSCO databases.The basic descriptors, based on the proposed research topic, were "public policy" and "sport".The UNESCO Thesaurus was then consulted to identify, first, their English translation, and then, to determine which broader and/or related terms are associated with these descriptors, resulting in the following: Public Policy (policy making, public policies, government, public management) and Sport (leisure time activities, leisure and education, physical education, motor activity, amateur sport).
However, to reduce excessive and redundant search strings that display identical results (or repetitions), the boolean truncation operator "*" was used, which functions to search for descriptors that may have multiple variants.After Search strings were constructed using all possible combinations, employing the boolean operators "AND" and "*" in parallel.For descriptors composed of two words, quotation marks ("") were used to specify a more precise search: "public polic*" AND sport*; "public polic*" AND leisure*; "public polic*" AND "physical education"; "policy making" AND sport*; "policy making" AND leisure*; "policy making" AND "physical education"; "public management" AND sport*; "public management" AND leisure*; "public management" AND "physical education"; "public administration" AND sport*; "public administration" AND leisure*; "public administration" AND "physical education".
The search process was carried out per database and according to the search string.The search results were noted in a table, resulting in the following chart (Table 1): Table 1.The established inclusion-exclusion criteria were then applied, resulting in the following (Table 2):

Search results by database and search string
Table 2.After the search procedure and verification of results according to the established methodology, a sample of 09 articles was obtained.

Number of articles selected based on inclusion-exclusion criteria
The final sample of identified documents was categorized according to the following criteria: author, publication year, main objective, methodology, study population or sample, instrument, and publication language.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Table 3 provides a summary of the findings from the selected studies, organized chronologically and alphabetically: Understand the implementation of public sports and physical activity policies by the federal government of Brazil in marginal communities in the context of mega-sporting events, analyzing three programs and focusing on the limits and possibilities that these policies present for the communities.

Qualitative Brazil
Nine articles met the inclusion-exclusion criteria set out according to the proposed methodology.A larger number of publications were identified in the From the obtained results, three types of objectives have been identified according to the central theme that constitutes their nature: • Objectives aimed at exploring sports programs: Regarding the methodological approach, 07 of a qualitative nature and 02 of a mixed approach were identified.All qualitative articles were developed under a correlational design.Regarding the use of research instruments, the two mixed-approach studies used surveys.For qualitative studies, an open questionnaire was used.
In the case of qualitative studies, three of them used open interviews, and two were semi-structured.On the other hand, five of them employed documentary analysis.Three studies employed Bardin's content analysis (1977).
From an exhaustive review of the literature, a diversity of opinions concerning the definition of "public policy" has been identified.However, it's widely accepted that public policies refer to governmental actions, focusing especially on the decision-making process.According to Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas ( 2008), public policies consist of actions, objectives, and plans formulated by governments.This idea is complemented by Hofling (2001), who emphasizes that these policies materialize into plans, programs, and projects.On the other hand, Rua & Aguilar (2007) interpret public policies as government decisions related to resource allocation, where the participation and autonomy of the involved actors are of vital importance.
Regarding sports, various texts highlight its perception both as a human right and as a social factor promoting the well-being of the population.
Countries like Colombia and Brazil recognize the right to sports and recreation in their respective constitutions.Authors such as Marcellino (1995Marcellino ( , 2007) ) and

Sports public policies have been studied, particularly in countries like
Colombia and Brazil, due to their relevance in the quality of life of citizens and their potential to provide social welfare (Fernandez, 2016).From the social perspective of sports, it's argued that proper formulation and implementation of sports programs have a positive impact on society, promoting life projects and reducing violence (Franco, et al. 2015;Reis et al., 2013).However, sports alone are not sufficient.For it to have beneficial effects, it's essential to be backed by appropriate public policies and programs.
Despite the efforts, identified challenges exist, such as the lack of collaboration with other entities (Gracia Díaz, 2018;Reis et al., 2013) and the interruption of programs due to political or administrative reasons.
Based on the review carried out, the stance that defines public policies as governmental actions (Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas, 2008;Hofling, 2001) seems to be the most suitable since it recognizes their materialization in tangible documents.It's essential to consider all the social dimensions of sports, as proposed by Brito (2012), Ratten (2011), andBickel et al. (2012).

CONCLUSION
The analysis of the selected studies highlights the diversity of approaches and objectives in the research of public sports policies.Three main categories of objectives were identified: exploration of sports programs, management of sports scenarios, and training of professionals in sports programs.Most of the studies were developed with a qualitative approach, emphasizing the importance of understanding the experiences and perceptions of the involved actors (Hipólito Borges & Alves Cappelle, 2020;Machado et al., 2019;Munio et al., 2019).
The research reveals that public sports policies have a significant impact on citizen inclusion and the participation of various actors in the sports system.This impact is especially notable in programs that promote collaboration between public and private entities (Fernandez & Gaviria, 2016;Ribeiro & Amaral, 2016).However, challenges such as the lack of intersectoral collaboration and the interruption of programs due to political or administrative reasons were identified (Gracia Díaz, 2018;Reis et al., 2013).
The studies highlight the perception of sports as a human right and a crucial social factor for the well-being of the population.In countries like Colombia and Brazil, this right is enshrined in their constitutions, underscoring the importance of designing sports policies that ensure universal access and promote the holistic development of individuals (Marcellino, 1995;Mesa et al., 2010).
To improve the effectiveness of public sports policies, it is essential to foster collaboration between different entities, both public and private.This It is crucial to ensure the continuity of sports programs, avoiding interruptions due to political or administrative changes.This could be achieved by institutionalizing these programs and creating legal frameworks that protect their long-term implementation (Gracia Díaz, 2018;Reis et al., 2013).
Sports policies should focus on promoting citizen inclusion and active participation, especially in the formulation and implementation of these policies.This can be achieved by creating spaces for participation and public consultation, as well as educating and raising awareness about the importance of sports in society (Fernandez & Gaviria, 2016;Borges & de Souza Marques, 2015).
The training of professionals in the sports field is crucial for the success of public policies.It is recommended to develop continuous training and education programs for social agents and sports professionals, ensuring they are well-prepared to implement and manage effective sports programs (Silva et al., 2014).
It is important to conduct periodic evaluations of sports policies to identify areas for improvement and adapt strategies according to the changing and feedback from participants and other key actors (Machado et al., 2019;Munio et al., 2019).
By implementing these recommendations, the benefits of public sports policies can be enhanced, promoting a more inclusive, healthy, and participatory society.

(
2010) offers a compelling narrative on the evolving sports organizations in Colombia, painting a vivid picture of their growth trajectory.Meanwhile, Reis et al. (2013) spotlight the indispensable role of public policies in uplifting marginalized communities through sport, drawing references from the iconic Grundy-López, R., E., Paredes-Velazco, R., Aguilar-Gonzales, H., E., Duche-Pérez, A., B. (2024) Local Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG "cidade de deus" in Rio de Janeiro.Adding another dimension to this discourse, Silva et al. (2014, 2016) traverse the intricate terrains of sport and leisure public policies in Brazil.Their research underscores the transformative power of structured training and entrepreneurial management within the public sector, driving positive change at the grassroots level.
Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG this procedure, the table of descriptors was as follows: Public Policy (public polic*, policy making, governance, public management, public administration) and Sport (sport*, leisure*, physical education).
following criteria were applied sequentially to identify a document as valid: Inclusion Criteria (IC): a) IC-1: Texts dated 2011 or earlier were not considered.b) IC-2: Only empirical scientific articles and proceedings papers Grundy-López, R., E., Paredes-Velazco, R., Aguilar-Gonzales, H., E., Duche-Pérez, A., B. (2024) Local Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG (conference papers) were considered.Meta-analyses, essays, review studies, books, book chapters, dissertations, theses, reports, letters to the editor, abstracts, articles on instrument development and validation, and nonscientific texts were excluded.c) IC-3: Articles available for full-text review.d) IC-4: Only articles published in Spanish, English, or Portuguese were considered.Exclusion Criteria (EC): a) EC-1: Only articles related to the popularization of sports were considered.b) EC-2: Only articles that developed cases at the local level and involved citizen and subnational government participation were considered.c) EC-3: Duplicate articles were removed.

o
Fernandez (2016),Borges & de Souza Marques (2015), and Gracia Díaz (2018) oriented their research on citizen participation and other actors in the sports system.The first and second studies emphasized participation in formulating public sports policies, and the third on the management of sports scenarios; o Hipólito Borges & Alves Cappelle (2020) aim to identify sports programs that promote entrepreneurial actions in a locality; o Ribeiro & Amaral (2016) aim to analyze public policies in a locality based on intersectoral management.• Objectives aimed at exploring the management of sports scenarios and their relationship to the territory: o Reis et al. (2013) explore how building a sports infrastructure affects a low-income community; o Machado et al. (2019) research on sports management in a Microregion based on infrastructure analysis and planning; o Munio et al. (2019) analyze the degree of institutionalization of certain sports based on the use of sports infrastructures; • Objectives aimed at exploring the training of professionals in sports programs: Silva et al. (2014) investigate the training of social agents in a sports program in Brazil, emphasizing their acquired knowledge, program knowledge, and shared learning experience.
Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG Concerning the sample size, mixed studies worked with samples of 496 and 38.In qualitative studies, samples were 11, 9, 7, 24, and 17.In 5 studies, policy documents were reviewed.For the mixed studies, one worked with a sample of 380 citizens.08 proposals from the public sector for sports programs were analyzed, while one explored a private initiative (Hipólito Borges & Alves Cappelle, 2020).

Mesa
et al. (2010) stress the importance of perceiving sport as a right that contributes to the holistic development of the individual.This conception leads governments to design sports policies and ensure universal access (Molina, 2015).Additionally, Mariovet (2014) and Brito (2012) emphasize the role of sports as a means of sociability, social inclusion, and personal and interpersonal development.Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG Tubino (2011) proposes a three-dimensional vision of sport: educational, participatory, and performance.These dimensions encompass the school environment, leisure, and regulated competitiveness, respectively.
can be achieved by creating coordination platforms and implementing efficient communication mechanisms among the various involved actors (Hipólito Borges & Alves Cappelle, 2020; Ribeiro & Amaral, 2016).
Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG needs of the community.These evaluations should be based on empirical data Public Policies in the Field of Sports: A Systematic Review of the Literature from the SDG

Table 3 .
Synopsis of articles published in databasesUnderstand and evaluate the articulation of public policies and entrepreneurial actions in the municipality of Lavras through the "Launch for a New Horizon" project, consulting managers, social assistants, and users, and analyzing collaboration between public initiatives and, in this case, a private one.Describe the training process of the social agents and professionals of the City Sport and Leisure Program (PELC) in the municipality of Vitoria, state of Espíritu, with a special focus on the training of a specific social agent who is part of the program.